Impacto de la inestabilidad laboral en la salud mental de los trabajadores Una revisión sistemática sobre inestabilidad laboral y salud mental (2015–2026)
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La creciente incertidumbre sobre la estabilidad del empleo se ha convertido en una de las principales preocupaciones dentro de los entornos laborales contemporáneos. Los cambios tecnológicos, las transformaciones organizacionales y las fluctuaciones económicas han modificado las condiciones de trabajo, generando efectos que trascienden lo productivo e impactan directamente en el bienestar psicológico de los trabajadores. En este contexto, el presente estudio tuvo como propósito revisar y analizar la evidencia científica disponible acerca de la relación entre la inestabilidad laboral y la salud mental. Para ello se desarrolló una revisión sistemática basada en las directrices PRISMA 2020, considerando estudios publicados entre 2015 y 2026 en las bases de datos Scopus, Web of Science y BMC Public Health. Tras el proceso de selección, se incluyeron 20 investigaciones que abordaron distintas realidades laborales y organizacionales. Los hallazgos muestran que la inseguridad frente al empleo suele relacionarse con mayores niveles de estrés, ansiedad, agotamiento emocional y síntomas depresivos, especialmente en contextos marcados por cambios tecnológicos acelerados o incertidumbre económica. No obstante, también se identificaron elementos que contribuyen a reducir estos efectos, entre ellos el apoyo organizacional, la resiliencia individual y los estilos de liderazgo orientados al acompañamiento de las personas. En conjunto, la evidencia revisada permite afirmar que la estabilidad laboral continúa siendo un componente relevante para la salud mental y que su abordaje requiere intervenciones organizacionales y políticas públicas que favorezcan entornos de trabajo más saludables y sostenibles.
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